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The earliest evidence of a Niger-Congo language dates back to Portuguese records of the 16th century. There is no consensus among scholars about the origins and historical development of the Niger-Congo languages. Almost all of the most widely spoken languages of sub-Saharan Africa belong to the Niger-Congo family, and about 600 million people (85% of Africa’s population) speak a Niger-Congo language. English is spoken very little.The Niger-Congo language family is one of the largest language families in the world and the largest one in Africa in terms of its geographical spread across most of sub-Saharan Africa, number of speakers, and the number of languages (1514). Other major languages are Lingala, Munukutuba and Kikongo. Photography: It is forbidden to photograph public buildings. Do not smoke or drink alcohol in public places during Ramadan.

Artistic carving, both traditional and modern dance, as well as folk songs, play an important part in Congolese culture, which is strongly based on tradition. Mini-skirts and shorts should not be worn in most public places. Dress should be casual, and informal wear is acceptable in most places. Gifts are acceptable as a token of thanks, especially if invited for a meal. Normal courtesies should be observed when visiting people's homes. There are small Protestant and Muslim minorities. The majority follow Christian beliefs (mainly Roman Catholic: 50%), with most of the remainder following animist belief systems (48%). Republic of Congo Culture Religion in Republic of Congo

Congo is one of Africa’s biggest oil producers, but petrol shortages are a regular occurrence in the country.

During the World War II, Brazzaville was the capital of the French resistance in Africa.

The entire population of Republic of Congo, roughly four million, is less than half of the DRC’s capital Kinshasa.

He has recently made clear his intentions to change the country’s constitution to allow him to stand for a third consecutive term in 2016, a move that has been met by angry protests from opposition parties and the public. Sassou-Nguesso was re-elected in the 2009 presidential election with 78.61% of the vote amidst an opposition boycott. Kignomba Mbougou, standing for UPADS (Lissouba's party) gained just 3%.īy 2003, the country was largely at peace, though sporadic violence between government troops and the Ninjas rebel group continued in the Pool region until the group disbanded in 2008. Under the banner of United Democratic Forces, Sassou-Ngessou stood at the 2002 presidential election, securing 90% of the vote amid widespread claims of vote rigging. These took place in the summer of 1992, bringing to power the Union Panafricaine pour la Démocratie Sociale (UPADS) as the major party in both the National Assembly and the Senate, while its leader, Pascal Lissouba, won the presidential poll.įollowing the disputed elections, the country descended into a bloody civil war that culminated in 1997 after Sassou-Nguesso’s rebel troops took the capital and reinstalled their leader as President. This agreed to establish a Higher Council of the Republic, abolishing the principal organs of state and with a brief to prepare legislative and presidential elections for the following year. The political reform process began in 1991 with a national conference to discuss the future of the country. In November 1989, the Government introduced free-market policies, promoting private enterprise and conducting several privatisations.

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A series of left-wing military governments followed until elections for the Presidency were held in 1979, and brought Colonel Denis Sassou-Nguesso to power.

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In 1958, the territory became an autonomous republic within the French community before being granted full independence as a republic in August 1960.Ībbé Fulbert Youlou, a Catholic priest, was elected President and guided the Congo into a single-party state. In 1882 the territory was occupied by France, then absorbed into French Equatorial Africa in 1910. The region later became a major centre for the European slave trade. The small country now known as the Republic of Congo was originally part of the Kingdom of the Kongo, and the Bakongo, Bateke and Dsanga were the main peoples in the area when the Portuguese arrived in the 15th century. Republic of Congo History, Language and Culture History of Republic of Congo

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